Analysis and design of concrete pavements Research Paper - 1

Analysis and design of concrete pavements - Research Paper Example The research project involved carrying out an analysis and design of concrete pavements based on a comprehensive literature review as well as on the results of a number of engineering tests to determine the best designs for concrete pavements. Concrete pavements are road surfaces that are built using a concrete mixture of Portland cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water to provide durable surfaces that can effectively sustain vehicular or foot traffic. The history of the use of concrete pavements on roads and walkways dates back to 1893 when the world’s first strip of concrete pavement was successfully completed. According to Croney (2008), the first concrete roads were constructed in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century and the technology later spread to Europe and the other parts of the world in the 1920s. Over the years, concrete as a building material has been increasingly used for paving airports, highways, residential streets as well as business parking lots. According to many experts, the increasing popularity of concrete pavements is particularly attributed to the numerous benefits of using concrete as a paving material some of which include its durability and less maintenance requirement, workability, strength, cost effectiveness and durability. Contemporary design techniques used for concrete pavements have resulted in the development of economically sustainable concrete pavements that are not only offer one of the best riding surfaces but are able to perform for many years with minimal maintenance. According to Horenstein (34), modern designs often take into account all the diverse sorts of environmental conditions including future estimations on environmental changes and traffic growth. Currently, there is a growing need for sustainable and low cost alternative pavement materials in many developed countries including Australia. For example, since

Neanderthal Extinction Essay -- Anthropology Essays Paleontology Paper

Neanderthal Extinction    Neanderthals and modern humans coexisted for well over 100,000 years.   Then suddenly Homo neandertalensis began to die out and surrender the earth to Homo sapiens.   Paleontologists and anthropologists have entertained several possibilities to the causes of this event: interbreeding among Neanderthals and humans, competition for natural resources, and Darwin’s theory of â€Å"survival of the fittest.†Ã‚   What the real cause has been has plagued scientists for years. Now, due to an international research team from Germany, those possibilities have been even further deduced, making it easier to pinpoint the exact reason Homo neandertalensis became extinct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientists thought that interbreeding would be a logical assumption to the Neanderthal conundrum.   Unfortunately, any evidence of DNA from Neanderthals mixed with human DNA is difficult to come by because their fossils are usually tarnished upon finding.   That is until Svante Paabo, and his research team from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, came across the remains of twenty-four Neanderthals and forty early humans.*   All of these fossils were nearly 40,000 years old and were from Germany, Russia, and Croatia.   Nine of these fossils (four Neanderthal and five human) contained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), completely intact.   Mitochondrial DNA is tougher than the DNA found in cell nuclei; it is also found in the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg and is passed only through maternal lineage.   This makes it much easier for the team to study and makes testing more accurate.      Paabo’s team, from Leipzig, Germany, used a method of amino acid content as a way of measuring extractible DNA from the bones.   The amino acid method was a... ...ut there on what happened to the Neanderthals, such as competition or fighting.   Scientists also are aware of the fact that mtDNA is only carried from the mother.   This means that there may still be evidence of interbreeding out there that is carried from the male.   Our technology is not yet strong enough to rule out both sexes as a carrier of common genes.   Therefore the case of interbreeding still remains to be closed.   However Paabo and his team are confident that their research has proved that Neanderthals could not have died out solely because of interbreeding.   Scientists are still trying to conclude what exactly did the Neanderthals in; this discovery brings them one step closer, but not completely to the edge.   Source All references and resources are taken from the Public Library of Science, Biology March 2004 issue and from Science March 16, 2004

Fast Foods vs. Home Made Foods

These days, most people prefer fast food rather than home-made food. People are alike in needing food in order to survive, but they differ in choosing the kind of food they're having. Fast food and home-made food have considerable dissimilarities in preparation time, convenience, and quality. Despite the health risks that come with fast food consumption, people continue to eat it because many people have no time to select and prepare food at home. However, fast food need not be as unhealthy as its reputation. One advantage of home-made meals over fast food is its cheaper cost.However, because you also spend on seasoning, condiments and gas and electricity whenever you cook at home, the cost difference is quite possibly not as large as many believe. In addition, home-made meals generally take more time to prepare and require you to have cooking skills. On the other hand, the taste of home-made meals is generally better, because you are able to select fresh ingredients. You are also ab le to ensure the ingredients that go into your food are clean and free of contaminants. Nowadays, fast food attracts people more than home-made food does. It's known as the food that you don't have to prepare.Fast food is more common because people are always busy, and in a hurry, so they head towards fast food restaurants to save their time. For example, if a worker works for a long time and doesn't have enough time to cook a meal, (he/she) will definitely consume a fast food meal. Fast food is also common because it's convenient and people can find fast food restaurants in all places. In conclusion, both fast food and home-made food have significant divergence in preparation time, convenience and quality. Fast food might be better in saving time and being more convenient, while home-made food might be better in quality.

How Social Media Improved Communication Essay - 876 Words

The social media is one of the most common ways of communication and pretty much of knowing anything and everything around the world these days, and it is growing very rapidly. It changes and affects each person in a different way, or ways. Some may argue that social media has a bad influence on children and young adults, and that it negatively effects their brains, character, or personalities, while most people see that the social media has a more positive effect on them than a negative one. Moreover, social media has helped many people around the world to connect, or re-connect, with each other, easily. Social media is basically the new way of keeping in touch with everything and everyone, and of even strengthening bonds between each†¦show more content†¦Moreover, celebrities can now also keep in touch and communicate with their fans or other celebrities through social network sites. Social media is one of the biggest and fastest way for celebrities to widen their fan bas e, and it is also a way through which fans could talk with their favorite celebrities in a relatively safe, public environment such as Twitter, Instagram or Facebook (Social Media Today, How Celebrities Use Social Media to Build Their Brand, June 2013). Social Media, basically, has made it possible for fans to strengthen their bonds with their favorite celebrities, and also made it possible for people to keep in touch with their favorite brands or business people, and to know what is new and upcoming. Nevertheless, some opponents argue that social media actually has a negative effect, or impact, on our society, especially on children or young adults. Some would site cyber-bullying as one of the main negative effects of social media, as it could get very serious and would even cause the depression or even suicide of certain individuals. Moreover, family physician, Dr. Jennifer Caudle, has stated that young adults who experience Cyber bullying would often catch serious diseases such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, and could even develop insomnia, or the state of not being able to get enough sleep (American Osteopathic Association, Cyber-Bullying and its Effect on our Youth, n.d.). In addition,Show MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Its Impacts On Family Life1585 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovation, internet and media shown to have several effects on human life on the other side. It has its impact in great and terrible routes on the brains of individuals. It is a key element in choosing the eventual fate of people in the mean time having its own impact on the human conduct creatures on the other side. This article focuses on how changing innovation has its impacts on family life. Family connections have taken a noteworthy change in family unit web usage and the Media. 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